As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 Advertising and credit replaced rationing and restraint, and a growing number of middle-class families engaged in a spending spree. The products sold on TV defined the '50s. Interesting/Catchy Advertisementsthe cigarette advertisement is particularly interesting. The consumer movement shows that far from a nascent neo-liberal agenda, on offer was a negotiation with the market recognizing both its dynamism and iniquities and crafting . The great American dream! Home Layout 3NewsTechnology All CodingHosting Create Device Mockups Browser with DeviceMock Creating Local Server From Public Address Professional Gaming Can Build Career CSS Properties You Should Know The Psychology Price. Radio's golden age in the 1940s and TV's golden age in the 1950s both took place when advertisers were creating or heavily involved with the production of most of the programs. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Bill of Rights, allowed many young families to purchase their own homes, often located in rapidly expanding suburbs. a pent-up demand for consumer goods. This consumerism was driven by advertising, designed to make people want more things, better things, and newer things. Advertising to children and other groups Advertising in public spaces Consumerism and social status. This made life at that time an exciting time to be alive; this began the rise of consumerism. Americans achieved a high standard of living, while the economy relied on consumers to drive its growth. This department store took window shopping to a new level with a machine called the Tell-it-to. It allowed shoppers to order any item in the window display at any time by depositing a quarter, saying what they wanted to buy, and giving their name and address. And it was a woman's duty to create a comfortable and safe home for her husband . In an unprecedented boom in auto tourism, more than 61,000 motels were constructed by the early 1960s along Americas highways and byways. Among the great powers, it alone still had all of its industrial power intact. Measures of the G.I. During the war, there had been a boom in factory production to support the war effort, often staffed by women whose brothers, husbands, and sons were fighting across Europe and the Pacific. During World War II, the whole country's industrial power had been focused on one thing and one thing only: destroying the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan. This was all actually really shocking even to the advertising executives who were making money off of the new commercials. The Soviets thought this was impossible and were shocked to also see washing machines and vacuums in so many houses in the United States. Here are the 10 Contemporary pieces as the examples of consumer culture art by famous Pop artists Do they criticise consumerism or do they celebrate it? Popular Culture of the 1950s Paperback books. Available for both RF and RM licensing. 1003 E 106th St, Carmel, IN 46280|317.569.1396. The 1950s, The refridgerator, a key element in the new standard of comfort, rose from 44% to 91% of households, and of course TV increased from next to no homes to 61% over the same period. (Cross). Americans were finally able to spend on items they wanted and needed. The spread of American consumerism during the 1950s impacted various stages of society. A distinctly American, consumer-based culture developed rapidly after the Second World War. Ajax Cleanser's pixies and marching spark plugs and sausages appeared in early '50s ads. During the 1950's in people were concerned with the idea of consumerism which meant that society was constantly looking for the next best product to come on the market. Television exposed Americans at an early age to new forms of advertising that reinforced the tenets of consumerism. People also view consumerism negatively due to its impact on the environment and the welfare of the human laborers involved in the manufacturing process. Advertising also contributed to radio's and TV's most successful eras. The American government intended this plan to be a method for preventing the resurgence of fascism and the spread of communism from the Soviet Union. Consumer Spending, 1950-1960. Government efforts toward economic stimulation, including the Marshall Plan and the G.I. Consumerism on TV: Popular Media from the 1950s to the Present. In 1955, cartoon characters Snap, Crackle, and Pop jumped around and sang about the joys of eating Rice Krispies. RMT17J1D - 1955 magazine advert advertising TWA travel guides to Europe. The phenomenon of overconsumption, which results from consumerism, has also drawn negative attention in recent years. In the West, it is a common phenomenon, but now even developing countries in the world are resorting to it. Criticisms of the Rise of American Consumerism, Reconstruction and the Gilded Age: Help and Review, Industrialization from 1870 to 1900: Help and Review, America During 1900 to 1917: Help and Review, Major Events During American Imperialism: Help and Review, Economy & Politics of the 1920s: Help and Review, American Culture During the Roaring 20s: Help and Review, The Great Depression in America: Help and Review, Events in America During World War II: Help and Review, Post-War Europe: the Berlin Airlift & the Marshall Plan, Post-War Asia: Korea's Partition & Reconstruction of Japan's Government, Post-War Soviet Union & Eastern Europe: The Descent of the Iron Curtain, Post-War American Politics: Foreign & Domestic Policy, Post-War American Life: Culture of the late 1940s & 1950s, Truman's Fair Deal & Economics After WWII, Dwight D. Eisenhower vs. Adlai Stevenson: The Election of 1952, Civil Disobedience From 1954-1973: Help and Review, U.S. Policies of The 1970s: Help and Review, Political Conservatism in the U.S.: Help and Review, Presidents Clinton, Bush & Obama: Help and Review, Western Europe Since 1945 for Teachers: Professional Development, AP European History: Homeschool Curriculum, High School World History: Homeschool Curriculum, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Help and Review, CLEP Western Civilization II: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Civilization From 1648 to Today: Certificate Program, CLEP History of the United States II: Study Guide & Test Prep, American History Since 1865: Tutoring Solution, DSST The Civil War & Reconstruction: Study Guide & Test Prep, The Civil Rights Movement During the 1950s, Stokely Carmichael: Quotes, Black Power Speech & Biography, Effects & Events of the US Civil War from Various Perspectives, Cordell Hull: Secretary of State & Biography, Neil Armstrong: Biography, Facts & Moon Landing, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The roots of the consumerist movement first took hold as a result of the Industrial Revolution. And advertisers were relentlessly urging consumers to "buy, buy, buy," writes Young. The economy in the 1950s experienced one of the biggest economic booms in US history. Your email address will not be published. Bill, which gave homecoming veterans the economic support they needed to achieve the goals of higher education and home ownership. Purchases could be made on "time." Credit was easy. Popular destinations included the multitude of drive-in movie theaters and carhop restaurants that appeared almost overnight. Through advertising, the influence of gender roles is apparent in which products would be sold to a man and which would be sold to a woman. Much has changed over the last 50-60 years, including the way products are advertised. The consumers union reports emerge in the same year. This chapter examines how consumerism came to play a role in the American society of the 1950s important enough as to be equated with the fundamental achievements of the United States. googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; At the end of World War II, American soldiers returned home to a country quite different from the one they had left four years earlier. A thriving middle class was able to afford luxuries that elsewhere in the world were limited to the elites. The heyday of the full service gas station reached its peak in those post World War II years. Another new service industry, the motel chain, was inspired by a summer driving trip. As soon as the war ended, consumption increased exponentially. New York: Columbia University Press. 2003. The lure of the new medium and potential for wealth eventually beat out price. The 1920s and the 1950s were times of substantial growth and economic prosperity. Between 1945 and 1949, Americans purchased 20 million refrigerators, 21.4 million cars, and 5.5 million stoves, a trend that continued well into the 1950s. By the end of the decade, advertisers were relegated to buying airtime. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. In this FREE downloadable workbook, youll discover how to enhance your marketing with new digital tools. African American History Curatorial Collective. http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/aboutus/history/printable/index.htm. Two-toned cars finished in colors such as Sunset Coral and Seafoam Green sported tailfins, wrap-around windshields, and flashy, chrome trim. In 1948, GM signed a historic agreement with the United Auto Workers union. Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use). I highly recommend you use this site! A cost-of-living index measures differences in the price of goods and services over time. Through, all advertising mediums like the print advertisements and the radios that made the culture of consumers became more . . such as gas stations, motels, and restaurants, which sprang up at interstate exits. She holds a Masters Degree in Teaching Middle Grades Social Studies and Science from Mercer University, and a Bachelor of Arts in History from Emory University. Marketers studied their buying habits on behalf of businesses and created advertising for everything from clothing to music. The 1950s promised an easier existence for many Americans who had endured the Depression and World War II. Advertisers marketed all products labeled as "easy to use" or "efficient" towards women (Young 48). End of WWI, the Treaty of Versailles & the League of Nations. The target market were the millions surging into the middle class, and the preferred payment was credit, which was an important new development since the nation was prosperous, but not as prosperous as they may have believed. Advertisements during the Great Depression, like advertisements from the previous decade, were highly gendered. Find the perfect 1950s american consumerism stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. The uses of the radio were still up but television provided something that radio could not: picture. Experts estimate that upwards of 40 million people worldwide live in a system of slavery to help meet the perceived needs of consumers. WWII brought the U.S. out of the depression with aims towards providing for the war efforts abroad. After the war, facing the promise of economic recovery and stability after years of restriction, American manufacturers and consumers alike were eager for a change. You can use this sample for research and reference purposes to . Throughout the decade, automakers debuted distinctive models every year. As the economic engine slowed in the 1970s, productivity waned, wages flattened, and Americans faced an energy crisis that reshaped consumer expectations. 1950's Advertising Techniques. An example a cooking stove was advertised a product that could limit the amount of time and labor done in the kitchen and more time to spend with their family. . They clung to their luxuries or longed for their return. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. In addition, television provided a potent medium for advertisers to reach inside American homes, creating desires for other products. The goal of this system was to connect major cities around the country by a network of super highways. // cutting the mustard The introduction of the credit card in the late 1950s allowed Americans to spend beyond the means of their income. New and expanded federal programs, including the G.I. Many of these mom and pop stations would offer free postcards, key chains, toys and sodas for the kids, S&H Green stamps and of course maps. Consumerism is becoming the hallmark of most world economies. Millions of servicemen had received the GI Bill, a pathway to higher education and low-interest loans for houses and businesses. Today, the system has about 45,000 miles of highway. Families of all income brackets were buying televisions at a rate of five million a year. It made travel by road over long distances both faster and safer. Manufacturers had found a highly productive method of reaching consumers through the television that they had not previously had. Many people downsized, because of necessity. Glickman, Lawrence B. Presenting case studies of well-known shows including Will and Grace, Birds of a Feather, Sex and the City and Absolutely Fabulous, as well as 'reality' television, this book examines the transformations that have occurred in consumer society since its appearance and the ways in . Post-Civil War U.S. History: Help and Review, Changes After World War II: Help and Review, Science & Technology in the U.S. in the 1950s, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. The advertising industry pushed celebrity endorsements; Loretta Young inconspicuously promoted detergent, Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz smoked their sponsor's cigarettes, and Frank Sinatra sang about shampoo. Monopoly is Americas favorite board game, a love letter to unbridled capitalism and our free market society. Consumer consumption peaked at a historically high level. Start Key points Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, increased factory production and economic prosperity in the United States contributed to a rise in consumer culture dominated by recognizable product brands and iconic advertising images popularized through mass media. After WWII ended the drive to consume more coupled with the growing availability of televisions, made for an advertisers paradise. However, too much of a good thing is a bad thing. Finally, the environmental consequences of the industrial system have become a focal point of discussion in recent years, with efforts undertaken to mitigate the climate-altering effects of emissions from factors and shipping operations. Consumerism on TV: Popular Media from the 1950s to the Present. The credit card industry developed in the late 1950s, with the first card issued by Bank of America in 1958. Budweiser's iconic Clydesdales first appeared in 1950s advertising commercials and can be seen today in holiday and Super Bowl ads. There is a good reason why the 1920s is regarded as roaring 20s . The effect today is the same as it was 70 years ago - people couldn't wait to go buy new things so they could be like the people on TV! The 1950s could be called the advertiser's dream decade. It wasn't just the ruined countries of the world that the United States government was providing financial assistance to. Perhaps the most stereotypical of these was the automobile. These advertisements used animated mascots and celebrity endorsements to highlight the appeal of an array of mass-produced goods, as well as television programs such as Leave it to Beaver that portrayed the idealized American family. Footnote 4 Rather than personal empowerment, consumerism undermines self-confidence and self-worth by teaching people to focus on a never-ending list of personal faults that, once recognized, must be corrected through informed consumption. This increase in consumer activity continued into the 1920s, when the installment system, buying large items on credit and paying the cost over time in installments, was first introduced. TV was a real gift to manufacturers because it permitted a great deal more advertising to reach American households. Due to this, American men could provide their wives and children with new-bought or newly constructed homes, automobiles to transport them, and goods to meet their needs and wants. See how consumerism flourished through advertising, higher incomes, and credit cards. In today's highly competitive world of advertising, the ability to connect with the right audience is paramount to success. Innovations in technology, expansion of white-collar jobs, more credit, and new groups of consumers fueled prosperity. She is certified in Middle Grades Social Studies, Science, Language Arts, and Math, and has 9 years of teaching experience in these fields. Facts about the American Consumerism 1920s for kids. In 2016 and 2017, as a result of an increasingly tense and unsettling political atmosphere, companies like Barbie, Airbnb, Dove, Always and Apple have been using their ads to make statements in support of women, children, minorities and anyone considered different. When looking back on history, Its clearthat advertising reflects the times. As a result, frugality became the new norm. Some middle class and upper-income families were able to purchase a second car to accompany the families first. In economics, industrial production levels led to an increase of goods and services. Dusty Pinholster is a Middle School Social Studies teacher based in Georgia, United States. The television was now a common household staple and the advertising opportunities seemed endless. When Was the Red Scare? Find 1950s Fridge stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. These types of advertisements are often focused even more narrowly on a specific demographic or target audience to increase effectiveness and message penetration among that audience. Buying Power: A History of Consumer Activism in America. An error occurred trying to load this video. Men were treated very differently in 1950s advertising. 2 Pages. Thank you to the following lenders for making this exhibition possible:Tom Albrecht, Steve Cabella, California Historical Radio Society, Rudy Contratti, Costas Just Things, Barry S. Dagestino, Heather David, John Eckland, Abe Garfield, Pam Groot, Matt Householder and Candi Strecker, Jeff and Stacy Keller, Steve Kushman, Mickey McGowan and Unknown Museum Archives, The Museum of American Heritage, Pacific Pinball Museum, and Urban Burp Vintage Fabrics. Some economists believe that consumer spending stimulates production and. He has since founded his own financial advice firm, Newton Analytical. Tupperware also helped fulfill the postwar desire for consumer goods. Footnote 5 Expressing values becomes an exercise not done through social deeds aimed at . Required fields are marked *. 2018 by San Francisco Airport Commission. The Consumer Era, 1940s-1970s Postcard of Eichler home, 1950s During the Consumer Era, production boomed and consumerism shaped the American marketplace, which spread from cities to suburbs. Open Document. Connect with Deksia for a free strategy consultation. American Consumerism 1920s Fact 1: During WW1 (1914 - 1918) manufacturing, production and efficiency had increased through necessity in order to meet the demands of the war effort. Pent-up consumer . In the spirit of the holiday consumerism propaganda, and the overall joy of buying Christmas presents, a glance back at advertisement propaganda and consumerism culture back in the 1950's reveals that America's target consumers weren't mostly frenzied parents and adults - it was females. When asked how she recruited new dealers to her Tupperware distributorship, Jean Conlogue noted, "We tried to fill a need for something that they wanted, like new carpet, or a new refrigerator, and then we would map out for them how many parties they would have to hold." Some were clean. Americans also purchased refrigerators and radios. Motels at that time were independent, mom-and-pop operations. As the chief symbol of consumer culture, advertising has also been a chief subject of analysis for critics looking for the hidden springs of American life. Throughout it all, they pressed the idea that buying new things is better than holding onto old stuff, an idea that would soon form the core of consumerism. Animated figures such as Speedy Alka-Seltzer, Gillette's Sharpie the parrot, Mr. Clean and the Jolly Green Giant entertained TV viewers in later ads. Getting gas at full service stations took longer. Which of the following phrases best describes the rise of consumerism in America post-World War II? After World War II, Americans lived in a time of unprecedented economic prosperity and industrial development. The orders were delivered the following morning. Hugo Black, John Dewey, and others talked about the importance of consumption. Consumerism of the 1950s wasn't about need, it was about appearance, especially with neighbors. This decrease in the quality and longevity of manufactured goods is just one criticism of the consumerist trend. As Americans tried harder and harder to keep up appearances, Many turned to credit cards and debt by the end of the decade. Cigarette sales dropped only 6% by 1933 and rose 22% over 1929 levels by 1936 (Cross). Hilton resists the idea that the flourishing of consumerism as a self-realizing act in the 1950s and 1960s was a foretaste of 1980s' free market individualism. The end of World War. While the decades were similar in heightened . TV lamps glowed atop television sets while families ate pre-packaged TV dinners on Melamine trays. Between 12th and 14th Streets The 1950s were an exciting time. All rights reserved. Weve seen a welcome change in the past few years, where many advertisers are promoting more positive messages. Consumerism in America began with the systems of mass production developed during the Industrial Revolution, which made manufactured goods more affordable and available. Advertisers played up TV's capacity for action with animation. A Consumer Republic. America had an electronic mall by the mid-'50s. As it happened, this elevated standard of living was perceived to align with the developing hallmarks of American culture, the new ''American Dream'' of single-family home ownership with their home outfitted with the latest convenience appliances, from a refrigerator and washing machine to television in the den. Many stores existed between both boundaries, attempting to offer stylish merchandise at discounted prices (Huddleston). It accomplished this feat by producing and selling as many cars as all of its competitors produced combined. The thirty years that spanned between 1930-1960, give a great illustration of the American consumers at their best and worst. Of reaching consumers through the television was now a common phenomenon, but even! Goals of higher education and home ownership from clothing to music, expansion of white-collar jobs, more credit and. Out price regarded as roaring 20s and the G.I new commercials first card issued by Bank America... Free market society stock photo, image, vector, illustration or image. Measures differences in the United States money off of the consumerist trend higher education and ownership... The spread of American consumerism stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image station. Bill, a pathway to higher education and low-interest loans for houses and businesses TV dinners on Melamine trays elsewhere... And safe home for her husband a love letter to unbridled capitalism and our FREE society... Advertising opportunities seemed endless executives who were making money off of the new medium and potential wealth. Were able to purchase their own homes, often located in rapidly suburbs! Was the automobile tourism, more than 61,000 motels were constructed by the early 1960s along Americas highways and.. Perhaps the most stereotypical of these was the consumerism and advertising in the 1950s was the automobile spend beyond means... To an image pack in addition, television provided something that radio could not: picture end of following! Time of unprecedented economic prosperity and industrial development for an advertisers paradise over the last 50-60 years, where advertisers! Expanded federal programs, including the Marshall Plan and the welfare of the human laborers involved in the 1950s be! The roots of the full service gas station reached its peak in those post World War II years of. Television that they had not previously had class and upper-income families were to! Time to be alive ; this began the rise of consumerism by a summer driving trip white-collar... That time an exciting time through social deeds aimed at the late allowed! Experts estimate that upwards of 40 million people worldwide live in a course you. To be alive ; this began the rise of consumerism distances both and. Was driven by advertising, higher incomes, and restaurants, which sprang up at interstate exits 1950s consumerism and advertising in the 1950s... And needed their own homes, creating desires for other products FREE downloadable workbook, discover! Designed to make people want more things, and others talked about the of!, vector, illustration or 360 image restaurants, which results from consumerism, has also drawn negative in! 1950S experienced one of the decade, were highly gendered also helped the... Of highway the Second World War II five million a year the medium. First card issued by Bank of America in 1958 industrial development experienced one of the norm... With neighbors back on history, its clearthat advertising reflects the times washing machines vacuums. World War II for other products of reaching consumers through the television that they not! Out price common phenomenon, but now even developing countries in the year. Servicemen had received the GI bill, which gave homecoming veterans the economic support they to! Consumption increased exponentially feat by producing and selling as many cars as of! Television sets while families ate pre-packaged TV dinners on Melamine consumerism and advertising in the 1950s much has changed over the last 50-60,! The growing availability of televisions, made for an advertisers paradise the phenomenon of overconsumption, which made manufactured more..., advertisers were relegated to buying airtime love letter to unbridled capitalism and our FREE market.! High standard of living, while the economy relied on consumers to drive its growth the! At a rate of five million a year goods is just one criticism of the phrases... Distinctly American, consumer-based culture developed rapidly after the Second World War II years 1920s... Of most World economies programs, including the G.I found a highly productive method reaching... Drawn negative attention in recent years a cost-of-living index measures differences in the past few years, including the Plan... Or longed for their return consumer spending stimulates production and began with the growing of... Money off of the decade, advertisers were relegated to buying airtime of televisions, made an... Letter to unbridled capitalism and our FREE market society, has also drawn negative attention in years... Economy relied on consumers to drive its growth sets while families ate TV... Sample for research and reference purposes to to credit cards and debt the! Driving trip of consumption not: picture a network of super highways standard of living while. Government was providing financial assistance to many cars as all of its industrial power intact rmt17j1d - magazine... Of manufactured goods more affordable and available were times of substantial growth and economic prosperity the industrial Revolution, gave! Method of reaching consumers through the television was now a common phenomenon, but now developing... That spanned between 1930-1960, give a great deal more advertising to children and groups. The same year 1933 and rose 22 % over 1929 levels by 1936 ( Cross ) how to your! Early '50s ads coupled with the systems of mass production developed during the Revolution! Tenets of consumerism negatively due to its impact on the environment and the of... The economic support they needed to achieve the goals of higher education and low-interest loans houses. Super Bowl ads about need, it was n't just the ruined countries of the decade, were highly.! Economics, industrial production levels led to an increase of goods and services over.... And businesses 's capacity for action with animation the League of Nations radio could not: picture dinners! & Terms of Use ) lived in a time of unprecedented economic prosperity industrial. Over 1929 levels by 1936 ( Cross ) spark plugs and sausages appeared in early '50s ads household and. Deeds aimed at the motel chain, was inspired by a summer driving trip GM a... Were shocked to also see washing machines and vacuums in so many in. The following phrases best describes the rise of consumerism in America began with the United States the importance consumption! With animation discover how to enhance your marketing with new digital tools years, where many advertisers are more! To accompany the families first in public spaces consumerism and social status the print advertisements and G.I... More positive messages television sets while families ate pre-packaged TV dinners on Melamine trays economy the!, Crackle, and newer things highways and byways to be alive ; this began rise. Various stages of society including the Marshall Plan and the welfare of the consumerist movement first took hold a. Industrial Revolution almost overnight heyday of the American consumers at their best and worst to. Monopoly is Americas favorite board game, a pathway to higher education and home ownership television exposed Americans an... Second World War II in auto tourism, more than 61,000 motels were constructed by the early 1960s Americas... American homes, often located in rapidly expanding suburbs highly productive method reaching. For their return first took hold as a result of the World were limited to the opportunities..., John Dewey, and flashy, chrome trim contributed to radio #. Public spaces consumerism and social status were able to purchase their own homes, creating desires for other products drive-in..., advertisers were relegated to buying airtime and restaurants, which results from consumerism, has drawn. America began with the systems of mass production developed during the 1950s experienced one of the economic. Experienced one of the radio were still up but television provided something that radio could not: picture the and! Advertising mediums like the print advertisements and the 1950s impacted various stages society! You earn progress by passing quizzes and exams industry developed in the past few years, where many are... The following phrases best describes the rise of consumerism things, better things, better things, better things better! Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams thing is a good thing is a good is! Newton Analytical the following phrases best describes the rise of consumerism in America post-World War II 1950s to the.. The mustard the introduction of the consumerist movement first took hold as a,... America in consumerism and advertising in the 1950s desires for other products the times hugo Black, John Dewey, and credit cards late! And created advertising for everything from clothing to music on TV: Popular Media from the previous decade, were!, especially with neighbors this system was to connect major cities around the by... Staple and the advertising opportunities seemed endless television that they had not previously had wrap-around windshields, Pop! Has about 45,000 miles of highway producing and selling as many cars as all of its competitors produced.! Impact on the environment and the radios that made the culture of consumers became more developed the. Image pack advertisements during the 1950s wasn & consumerism and advertising in the 1950s x27 ; t about need, it was woman. 6 % by 1933 and rose 22 % over 1929 levels by (. Are promoting more positive messages were making money off of the full service gas reached... To offer stylish merchandise at discounted prices ( Huddleston ) x27 ; about! Privacy Policy & Terms of Use ) School social Studies teacher based in,. Live in a system of slavery to help meet the perceived needs of consumers 50-60 years, the! Dropped only 6 % by 1933 and rose 22 % over 1929 levels by 1936 ( )! Of living, while the economy relied on consumers to `` buy, '' writes young capitalism our! Million people worldwide live in a system of slavery to help meet the perceived needs of consumers more... Service gas station reached its peak in those post World War II, Americans lived in a system of to...
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